The STM32F407IGH6, developed by Microelectronics, is an advanced ARM-based 32-bit microcontroller. The STM32F407IGH6 is a member of the STM32F4 series, which offers real-time functionality, digital signal processing, high performance, and low power and low voltage operation. The individual pins are thoroughly explained in this tutorial.

1. Power Pins:The VDD (various pins) and VSS (various pins) are the power supply pins. They should each be connected to the power supply and the ground.

2. I/O Ports:The STM32F407IGH6 contains several general-purpose I/O pins (GPO) divided among ports (PAx, PBX, PC, etc.). Each port pin can be set up to operate as an input, an output, or a peripheral.

3. Boot Mode Pins:BOOT0 (pin 60) and BOOT1 (PA2) determine the "boot from" condition. Depending on the state of these pins (high or low), the STM32F407IGH6 will boot from system memory, flash memory, or embedded SRAM.

4. Oscillator Pins:The OSC_IN (PH0, pin 7) and OSC_OUT (PH1, pin 8) pins are used to connect an external oscillator to the STM32F407IGH6.

5. Debug Pins:The SDIO (PA13) and SWCLK (PA14) are used for debugging the STM32F407IGH6 with the Serial Wire Debug (SWD) protocol.

6. USB Pins:The USB_DM (PB14) and USB_DP (PB15) pins connect to the differential data line of a USB interface.

7. Serial Communication Pins:SART, SPI, and I2C interfaces all have dedicated pins, which include TX/RX for SART, SICK/MISS/MOST for SPI, and SDA/SCL for I2C.

8. ADC Pins: An input analog voltage is transformed into a digital number using the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) pins (PC0-PC3).

9. DAC Pins:The Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) pins (PA4, PA5) convert a digital number to an output analog voltage.

Remember that in all cases, refer to the data sheet of the STM32F407IGH6 for a full understanding of pin connections and circuit design. Pay particular attention to power supply decoupling, ground planes, clock sources, and any specific requirements of peripherals being used. This will ensure a reliable and optimized design.